It was inspired by the Olympics, the New-York marathon and the advent of cushioned shoes. Cooper's book inspired Jacki Sorensen to create aerobic dancing exercise routines, which grew in popularity in the 1970s in the U.S., and at the same time, Judi Missett developed and expanded Jazzercise. Cooper encouraged millions into becoming active and is now known as the "father of aerobics". He published a mass-market version of his book The New Aerobics in 1979. In 1970, he created the Cooper Institute for non-profit research and education devoted to preventive medicine. Two years later, in 1968, he published a book of the same name. Air Force personnel after becoming intrigued by the belief that exercise can preserve one's health. He conducted the first extensive research on aerobic exercise on over 5,000 U.S. In the 1960s, Cooper started research into preventive medicine. Cooper, both of the United States Air Force, advocated the concept of aerobic exercise. Bill Orban and published in 1961, helped to launch modern fitness culture. The Royal Canadian Air Force Exercise Plans, developed by Dr. Īfter World War II, health-oriented recreational activities such as jogging became popular. Contributions were also made by the Harvard Fatigue Laboratory, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre as well as various German universities.
Henry Taylor at the University of Minnesota and Swedish scientists Per-Olof Åstrand and Bengt Saltin made notable contributions in the 1950s and 60s. Building on this work, scientists began measuring oxygen consumption during exercise. German physician Otto Meyerhof and Hill shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their independent work related to muscle energy metabolism. See also: Exercise § History, Fitness culture, and History of physical training and fitnessĪrchibald Hill, a British physiologist, introduced the concepts of maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen debt in 1922. History Cardio and muscle endurance exercise session using plastic steps or platforms Aerobic exercise causes a remodeling of mitochondrial cells within the tissues of the liver and heart. Mitochondria are organelles that rely on oxygen for the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats. Īerobic exercise may be better referred to as "solely aerobic", as it is designed to be low-intensity enough that all carbohydrates are aerobically turned into energy via mitochondrial ATP production.
At the same time, even doing an hour and a quarter (11 minutes/day) of exercise can reduce the risk of early death, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Examples of cardiovascular or aerobic exercise are medium- to long-distance running or jogging, swimming, cycling, stair climbing and walking.įor reducing the risk of health issues, 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week is recommended. Aerobic exercise is performed by repeating sequences of light-to-moderate intensity activities for extended periods of time. "Aerobic" is defined as "relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately. Low to high intensity physical exercise Cycling is an aerobic form of exercise.Īerobic exercise (also known as endurance activities, cardio or cardio-respiratory exercise) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process.
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